Types of Fire Suppression Systems: Water, Gas, Foam, Dry & More
Fire tragedies spread within seconds. That is why early fire suppression is not only a near-priority but a necessity.
For whatever type of facility, be it a residential apartment, office building, factory or data centre,
a proper fire suppression system can prevent disaster.
There are two general methods of fire protection: Active and Passive.
Active systems ignite and suppress fires, i.e., sprinklers or gas systems.
Passive systems, for example, fire-rated walls or doors, retard the speed with which fire spreads.
Both fire suppression types are required for complete protection.
Top Fire Suppression Types and Their Applications
Below are the most common fire suppression types and how they are applied.
Each system performs a specific function depending on the fire type.
Water-Based Fire Suppression
Water systems are among the most prevalent forms of fire suppression systems.
They comprise conventional sprinklers that automatically discharge water when they detect heat.
They are acceptable for Class A fires, such as those involving wood, cloth, paper, etc.
They are normally located in houses, malls, schools, and offices.
They are cost-effective and effective. However, water-based systems are not the best choice for
electrical fires or any fires involving flammable liquids, as they can cause more damage.
Foam-Based Fire Suppression
Foam fire suppression system types are intended for Class B fires – fires caused by flammable liquids such as gasoline, diesel, and oil.
They are usually fitted in fuel stations, chemical stores, and industrial warehouses.
The foam comes out in an expanded state. It covers the burning fluid and cuts it off from oxygen.
This puts out the fire and prevents it from re-igniting. These fire controls are very essential where combustible materials exist.
Gas-Based Fire Suppression Systems
CO2, FM-200, or Novec 1230 are gaseous systems used for fire suppression primarily in places
where water or foam could damage the equipment. They have been designed with data centres, server rooms,
museums, and control rooms in mind.
The gas replaces oxygen or suppresses the chemical process of the fire, and it gets extinguished quickly.
These systems are fast, effective, and safe for use in electronics. They also reduce downtime by not having to clean up.
Dry Chemical Fire Suppression
Dry chemical systems are extremely beneficial. They are mounted in restaurants, vehicles, power plants, or factories.
They are just as effective against Class A, B, and C fires, where fires of solid materials, flammable liquids, and
electrical machinery are concerned.
These fire suppression system types release a fine powder that halts the chemical process of the fire,
reducing it to ashes within seconds. Dry chemical fire suppressions are often portable, similar to portable fire extinguishers.
Wet Chemical Fire Suppression
Wet chemical fire suppression types are applied to commercial food preparation and cooking areas
as well as commercial food kitchens. They are aimed at Class K fires (cooking fats and oils),
which cannot be put out using water or dry chemicals.
The system employs a chemical that reduces the burning oil temperature and forms foam that prevents
re-ignition. Most fire protection laws require these systems as a necessary condition for food service businesses.
Common Causes of Fire in Residential & Commercial Spaces
Fires may begin from numerous everyday sources. Overloaded wiring and electrical short circuits are the
leading causes in residences and workplaces. Faulty devices or overheated appliances may also ignite fires.
- In kitchen environments, unattended food cooking and oil spills are significant risks.
- The presence of flammable substances close to heat sources is a further aggravation.
- Smoking indoors, candles, and leaking gas pipes increase the risk.
- Industrial machinery and chemical misuse or improper storage in factories and warehouses are typical causes of problems.
Understanding these causes helps in choosing suitable fire suppression types for the environment. Prevention and the right system are essential to good fire safety.
Choosing the Right Fire Suppression System
Each environment contains several fire threats. Thus, you must think about your environment before you choose a fire suppression system.
Assess Fire Risks Based on Industry and Space
When choosing a fire suppression system, consider what's in the space, the size of the space, and whether there's sensitive equipment.
For example, dry chemicals are fine in a warehouse, but they can damage electronics.
Consider Environmental Impact and Equipment Compatibility
Environmental impacts are also significant. More modern gas agents like Novec 1230 are environmentally friendly and leave no residue.
Foam agents need special draining, while wet chemical agents are only useful in some applications.
Ensure compliance with Delhi NCR fire safety regulations.
Do not forget to comply with the law. In Delhi NCR, fire safety regulations mandate businesses to have certified systems and conduct regular checks. Engage the services of licensed professionals to ensure your system is BIS and NFPA compliant.
Technohead – Your Fire Safety Partner in Delhi NCR
We at Technohead specialize in designing, installing, and servicing individualized fire suppression systems for you. We supply all principal fire suppression types, such as sprinklers, gas systems, foam systems, and dry chemical systems.
Our team is well-experienced in residential, commercial, and industrial work. We offer 24/7 emergency support and annual maintenance contracts (AMC) in Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, Faridabad, and Ghaziabad. Our equipment is BIS-approved and NFPA compliant.
From consultation to set-up, we ensure professionalism in handling everything. Technohead is your preferred partner for complete fire safety in Delhi NCR. Secure your space today with our assistance.
FAQs on Fire Suppression
What is the lifespan of different fire suppression systems?
All fire-extinguishing systems have a 10–20 year shelf life. Maintenance guarantees extended life.
Foam, gas, and water systems require periodic inspection to be effective and safe.
Can gas suppression harm people if released during occupancy?
Certain types of gas-based fire suppression, such as CO₂, can displace oxygen. Novec 1230-type systems are safer for humans.
Always adhere to safety procedures and evacuation upon system activation.
How often should suppression systems be inspected?
Types of fire suppression systems should be inspected between 6 and 12 months.
Regular inspection helps them work efficiently—certified professionals test alarms, cylinders, and discharge nozzles as per safety norms.
Is it mandatory to install fire suppression in all commercial kitchens?
Yes, wet chemical fire suppression systems are required in hotels and restaurants.
They smother oil-based fires safely. Delhi NCR fire regulations demand these systems in restaurants and hotels.
Can foam systems damage sensitive machinery?
Foam fire-extinguishing systems are hazardous to electronics if employed directly.
Gas-based fire-extinguishing systems are more suitable for sensitive machines as they leave no residue or moisture behind.
What’s the cost difference between FM-200 and Novec 1230?
FM-200 systems are typically less expensive than Novec 1230. But Novec is more environmentally friendly.
Both fire suppression systems are suitable for electronics and clean-room applications.
Do water mist systems use less water than sprinklers?
Yes, water mist fire suppression systems use a lot less water than ordinary sprinklers.
They emit a fine spray that rapidly cools the fire and reduces water damage in sensitive equipment.
How do you recharge a fire suppression system after activation?
Once activated, fire suppression systems are refilled or recharged by trained personnel.
Components are inspected, and materials are replaced in preparation to utilize the systems once again.
Are dry chemical systems reusable or one-time?
Dry chemical fire suppression types are typically used only once. After discharge, they need to be cleaned out and refilled.
Regular inspections ensure that these systems function as required again.
Which suppression system is best for EV charging stations?
Gas or foam-type fire-extinguishing systems are ideal for EV stations.
They are capable of handling electrical fires without causing any harm.
Fire risk assessment can provide the most appropriate solution.